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Myron Krueger - Artificial Reality Corporation Professor Paul Luff - Department of Management, King’s College London, UK Oct 2, 9:00 – 10:00 INTERFACING TO HUMANS  Myron Krueger Artificial Reality Corporation In the late 1960s when the idea of the human interface as a research discipline was just dawning, the usual approach was to think in terms of the minimum devices and software that would allow users to operate existing computer applications within the then current economic constraints. The work described in this talk took a very different approach. It asked, what are the possible ways that humans and machines might interact? It began with the creation of interfaces that were as far away from existing conventions as possible. Instead of interfacing the human to the computer, it interfaced the computer to the human. The interface would be the human body and the human senses. Full-body participation in distributed computer simulations was considered the interface of the future. As in the virtual reality efforts that came later, encumbering devices such as wireless HMDs and tracking systems were considered but discarded because there were many situations in which wearing such paraphernalia would be unwelcome. Instead, unencumbering technology was developed based on environmental sensors such as video cameras and pressure-sensitive floors. Feedback was provided through projected graphics and synthesized sound. In addition to the full-body format, a desktop version was created. Mature applications which were significant research projects in their own right were developed and widely demonstrated. These included systems for gas flow visualization, teletutoring, multipoint gesture control, range-of-motion therapy, spatial interfaces for the blind, and olfactory display. Myron Krueger is a computer visionary who implements his predictions as both science and art. He received a BA in Mathematics from Dartmouth College where he was in the first Basic class. He spent two years in the military at the U.S. Electronic Proving Ground at Fort Huachuca Arizona. He then attended the University of Wisconsin and earned MS & PhD degrees in Computer Science. His thesis title was “Computer-Controlled Responsive Environments.” Upon completing his thesis, he moved across the street to the Space Science and Engineering Center where he proposed a worldwide virtual reality telecommunication project as the theme of the U.S. Bicentennial. In 1978 he moved to the University of Connecticut where he taught Computer Science and completed the preliminary development of the Videoplace System which was first demonstrated at CHI 85 and SIGGRAPH 85. He left UCONN in 1985 to form Artificial Reality Corporation which has performed research and consulting for corporations and government agencies. Dr. Krueger pioneered the development of unencumbered, full-body participation in computer-created telecommunication experiences and coined the term "Artificial Reality" in 1973 to describe the ultimate expression of this technology. Dr. Krueger's 1974 dissertation was published as Artificial Reality (Addison-Wesley,1983) and reissued as Artificial Reality II (Addison-Wesley) in 1991. These writings were the first to introduce the concepts of virtual reality and interactive art to the broad technological community. Additional ideas introduced in his writings include wireless wearable computers and displays, augmented reality, motion capture, the CAVE, the shared telecommunication space, and application areas such as embedded training, as well as consumer products like the V-Chip, TIVO™, and the EyeToy™. His technologies have been used to implement innovative applications in gas flow visualization, teletutoring, range-of-motion therapy, and a spatial interface for the blind which includes speech input and output. He also repurposed his vision hardware to perform wide-area wireless tracking for head-mounted displays and developed a wireless olfactory display. Dr. Krueger has given over a hundred invited talks worldwide and received awards from both the art and scientific communities for his work. Keynote 2 - Oct 3, 16:00 – 17:00 WORKING DOCUMENTS: SUPPORTING COLLABORATION WITH MATERIAL ARTEFACTS  Professor Paul Luff Department of Management, King’s College London, UK Over the past couple of decades there has been an interest in developing multi-modal technologies to support interaction and collaboration between individuals who are based in distinct physical locations. It has been increasingly recognised, however, that early forms of video-mediated communication and media space, with their commitment to supporting ‘face to face’ interaction, provided impoverished resources for facilitating work and collaboration. Distributed tabletop systems seem to be a way of addressing some of these problems by offering ways of providing enhanced environments for participants to access, see and share digital resources. In this talk, fragments of behaviour will be presented from a number of settings. These will suggest some of the critical qualities of material documents that help support collaboration and co-ordination and that still seem to present challenges for developers of distributed systems. One critical issue that arises with a range of collaborative systems and which seems quite simple to resolve is providing participants with the means to establish references to objects and features of objects. By reflecting on some recent experiments with prototype technologies, I will show some of the difficulties of producing coherent action through distributed technologies and also some of the resources by which participants try and resolve them. In particular, I will consider how talk, bodily conduct and the manipulation of material objects are interrelated. The talk will be concluded with some of the requirements for distributed technologies to support activities in real-time interaction, and also how the development of novel technologies such as tabletops, reveals the limitations of our current social scientific understandings of how mundane activities are accomplished in everyday settings. Paul Luff is Professor of Organizations and Technology at the Department of Management, King’s College London. His research involves the detailed analysis of work and interaction drawing upon video recordings of everyday human conduct and how this can inform the design of innovative technologies. With his colleagues in the Work, Interaction and Technology Research Centre, Paul has undertaken studies in a diverse variety of settings including control rooms, news and broadcasting, healthcare, museums, galleries and science centres and within design, architecture and construction. Over the past few years, Paul has been particularly concerned with the use of apparently mundane objects, specifically paper documents, and how these support what are often very complex work practices. Paul has drawn from this research in a number of projects concerned with the design of novel systems, including advanced media spaces that allow for the manipulation of paper documents and technologies that can interleave the use of paper and electronic materials. This research, and related studies, has been reported in numerous articles in the fields of CSCW, HCI, Requirements Engineering, Studies of work practices and ubiquitous and mobile systems. Paul Luff is co-author with Christian Heath of ‘Technology in Action’, published by Cambridge University Press. |
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